Welcoming a new baby is often described as one of the happiest moments in life. But for many mothers, the postpartum period brings unexpected struggles, including postpartum depression (PPD). New research shows PPD cases have been rising in the United States, making it more important than ever to talk about what could be causing this increase and how it’s impacting families.
Postpartum depression is a type of depression that shows up up to a year after having a baby. It’s not the same as the “baby blues,” which affects most new moms and usually goes away within two weeks. PPD is more serious and can last for months. Postpartum depression can be caused by a combination of physical, emotional, and environmental factors. Hormonal changes after childbirth, like drops in estrogen and progesterone, can trigger mood swings. Lack of sleep, stress, and the emotional and physical demands of caring for a newborn also play a role. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), about 1 in 8 women across the U.S. experience symptoms of postpartum depression. And it may not happen immediately after childbirth, which can make it difficult to diagnose.
A study published in the Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA) in November 2024 shows that cases of postpartum depression in the U.S. are high and rising. The team, led by a Kaiser researcher, looked at postpartum depression rates in over 442,000 pregnancies in California between 2010 and 2021. The women in the study came from diverse backgrounds, with an average age of 31 when they gave birth. According to their data, the rate of diagnosed postpartum depression doubled during that time.
But does that mean more women are experiencing postpartum depression? Not necessarily. The study admits greater awareness and reporting of PPD cases likely contributed to the increase. In 2017, the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) started urging pediatricians to screen moms for postpartum depression during baby checkups. Also, studies show women who experience depression during pregnancy are much more likely to develop postpartum depression. For instance, research published in JAMA Psychiatry found prenatal depression raises the risk of postpartum depression by 20–30%.
Critics of these studies showing an increase in postpartum depression often question the motives behind them, since treatment often involves some sort of medication—and all the side effects that come with it. Treatment for postpartum depression in the U.S. typically involves a combination of therapy, medication, and support. Antidepressants, especially selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, are commonly prescribed to help balance brain chemicals affecting mood. In more severe cases, doctors may recommend treatments like hormone therapy or, in some instances, a medication called Zulresso. In 2023, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved the pill form of Zulresso, which was previously only available as a shot.
Along with medication, there are natural ways to help ease postpartum depression symptoms. Simple things like walking or yoga can really boost your mood. Make sure you’re getting enough rest and reaching out to your support network so you don’t feel alone. Practicing mindfulness or eating a well-balanced, nutritious diet can also help. The most effective approach is usually combining these along with advice from a healthcare provider you trust.
